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Automotive Electric Water Pump
Automotive Electric Water Pump
An automotive electric water pump is an electric coolant pump driven by a 12v, 24v or 48v brushless DC motor, it is a centrifugal water pump that work with its impeller rotates at high speed and generates centrifugal force to pressurize and circulate liquids like water, coolant to cool car engine, turbocharger, intake air intercooling system, new energy vehicle drive system, power battery thermal management system etc, is a key component in automobile cooling system.
Automotive electric water pump mainly used for cooling vehicle engine, heating air circulation system, hydrogen fuel cell heat management system, as well as cooling system of vehicle, motorcycle, new energy vehicles, hybrid buses, caravan, race car, street car etc.
As a new type of auto water pump, car electric water pumps is emerged with the rapid development of automotive industry technology. Related supporting facilities and devices. Automotive electric pump is the core important function component of the new energy vehicle cooling system. Its performance and quality has a great impact on the performance of the car.
Standard Automotive Electric Water Pumps by VOVYO:
12V Electric Water Pump Auto VP80F
12v electric water pump automotive VP80F is a high quality made automotive electric water pump. People use it for new energy auto cooling water circulation,etc.
Max Head: 10M Max Flow: 50L/min
12v Auto Water Pump VP80E
12v auto water pump VP80E is a small auto electric water pump. People use it in new energy car,bus,vehicle etc,driven by a brushless dc motor.
Max Head:10~12M Max Flow:50~58L/min
Inline Water Pump for Car VP80D
Inline Water Pump for Car VP80D is a 12V coolant pump. People apply it in auto warm air conditioner, intelligent toilet, intelligent bathtub etc.
Max Head: 10~12M Max Flow: 50L/min
12v Engine Coolant Pump VP80C
12v Engine Coolant Pump VP80C is a 12V mini car water pump build by a bldc motor. We usually use VP80C pump in car,bus engine cooling systems.
Max Head: 9M Max Flow: 46L/min
Automotive Coolant Pump VP80B
Automotive Coolant Pump VP80B is a car water pump used in circulating systems. Such as new energy car, bus auxiliary cooling cycle, intelligent toilet.
Max Head: 9M Max Flow: 41L/min
Electric Water Pump for Engine VP80A
Electric water pump for engine cooling VP80A is coolant pump. Usually used in circulating systems. Such as car thermal management system, smart toilet.
Max Head:9~12M Max Flow:41~48L/min
12v Electric Water Pump Motorcycle VP50N
12v Electric Water Pump Motorcycle VP50N is a Electric coolant pump made by PPE. It’s used for car and motorcycle’s battery water cooling circulation.
Max Head: 3M Max Flow: 25L/min
Race Car Electric Water Pump VP62E
Race Car Electric Water Pump VP62E is a electric coolant pump made by PPE. It can be server for race car, new energy car, race car cooling systems.
Max Head: 7~9M Max Flow: 32~35L/min
Electric Water Pump for Car VP90A
Electric Water Pump for Car VP90A is a automotive coolant pump. People mainly apply it in bus engine cooling systems, smart toilet, smart bathtub, etc.
Max Head:24~25M Max Flow:100~110L/min
Auto Electric Water Pump for Bus VP90C
Auto electric water pump for bus VP90C is popular in auto after-sale market. People widely use it in car and bus, smart toilet, bathtub, etc.
Head:9M Flow:120~180L/min
Electric Water Pump For Engine VP90B
Electric Water Pump For Engine VP90B widely used in Car Circulating systems. Such as electric bus engine cooling. It driven by a dc brushless motor.
Max Head:6~11M Max Flow:150~165L/min
Car Electric Water Pumps (All 20 Models)
Explosion Proof Electric pump VP75A is a 12v coolant pump that built by a dc motor. View all 20 models automotive electric water pump by check the above link.
Max Head: 5M Max Flow: 40L/min
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Table of Contents
Automotive Electric Water Pump Manufacturer
VOVYO Technology Co., Ltd is a automotive electric water pump manufacturer located in Dongguan city of China. We specialized in developing and manufacturing car electric water pumps, motorcycle electric water pump and other dc pumps. Most of our auto pumps are driven by a 12v , 24v or 48V bldc motor. Widely used in various vehicles, car, new energy bus, motorcycle, race car etc. Moreover, our automotive electric water pump has many function such as PWM/CAN/LIN control, idle protection, dry-running protection, etc.
VOVYO brand automotive electric water pumps not only well sold in China market, but also exported to overseas markets such as USA, India, UK, Germany, Australia, Canada, Japan, South Africa, South Korea, Brazil, France, Spain, Italy, as well as other markets.
Electric Water Pump Working Principle
Electric water pump is a kind of small electric water pump with an electronic control drive unit. Mainly composed by overcurrent unit, motor unit and electronic control unit three parts. Due to the electronic control unit included, which can control the water pump through the motor unit according to external signals. So people can adjust the working status of the pump at will, such as: control the pump to start start/stop, speed control, flow control, pressure control, and can also be set to prevent dry running protection, locked rotor protection, reverse connection protection and other protection functions. Electric water pump generally use PWM/CAN/LIN communication, it can meet various communication requirements.
Why Auto Electric Water Pumps Should Used on Vehicles?
- As we all know, motors and control devices of new energy vehicle generate a lot of heat during work. It will affect the performance of the drive motor and reduce the life of the motor. Most seriously, vehicle will be self-ignite due to the short circuit. If the system can not the dissipate heat in time. Therefore, auto manufacturer use auto electric water pump as a hot water recirculating pump to pressurize the coolant to accelerate the dissipation of the heat.
- Auto electric water pump can accurately match the operating conditions of the internal combustion engine and the running state of the vehicle. Besides that, it can achieve the goal of optimizing the engine installation space. Prolongs the service life of the engine, as well as saving energy and protecting the environment.
- Compares with traditional mechanical water pumps, automotive electric water pumps have obvious advantages. Such as precise control of cooling effect, reduction of power loss of the engine, low fuel consumption etc.
- Mechanical water pumps that rely on engines cannot work. Since motors drive the new energy vehicles runs. However, motors still require temperature control of the cooling system. Therefore, new energy vehicles must use car electric water pumps.
- As we all know , the traditional machine water pump stops working, after the engine stops, and the warm air is gone. Although, some vehicles have auxiliary water pumps, these pumps still cannot be compared with automotive electric water pumps, since people still can continue to use warm air after the car stops if the car install with automotive electric water pumps. Therefore, it has an extended parking warm air function. And the electric water pump automotive will automatically work for a period of time after the engine flameout, and continue to dissipate heat for the turbine.
- Car water pump is the core component of the automobile cooling system, and its role is to pressure boost for the circulation of the coolant (antifreeze). At current, most vehicles use a mechanical water pump. However, mechanical water pump has a flaw, that is it is not smart enough to stop working automatically when work in a cold weather. In order to solve this problem, high-end car models and new energy vehicles usually use vehicle electric water pump to replace the machine water pump, the former is powered by a motor and controlled by a computer module. In this way, the automotive electric water pump can be turned on and off according to the needs of the coolant temperature. And even the speed of the water pump can be adjusted to adjust the coolant pressure. Electric water pump for car generally driven by a brushless dc motors, therefore it does not require frequently maintenance and replacement like a mechanical water pump does.
What Types of Car Electric Water Pumps Are there?
Car water pump is the core component of the engine cooling system and is used to cool the automobile engine. People divide automotive water pumps into mechanical water pumps and electric water pumps according to the driving method. We further divide car electric water pump into brushless DC automobile water pump and brushed DC automobile water pump. According to the motor drive form of the water pump. People more commonly use the mechanical water pumps in traditional automobiles. While mainly use the latter in new energy vehicles and some high-end vehicles.
The car mechanical water pump is driven by the engine, and the cooling effect is proportional to the engine speed. Centrifugal water pumps are widely used in automobile engines. Its basic structure is composed of water pump casing, connecting plate or pulley, water pump shaft and bearing or shaft bearing, water pump impeller and water seal device and other parts, which are the main components of the automobile.
The motor control unit of car electric water pump uses current control to determine whether it needs to work according to changes in engine temperature. The mechanical water pump that relies on the engine cannot work, if a new energy vehicle is driven by a motor. However, the motor still needs the temperature control of the cooling system, so the new energy vehicle must use an car electric water pump.
Electric Water Pump VS Mechanical Water Pump
Compared with mechanical water pump, electric water pump has many advantages such as compact structure, easy installation, strong functionality, flexible control, stable performance, low noise, low power consumption, high efficiency, and good reliability. Specifically:
- Compared with mechanical water pump, the speed of the electric water pump is not affected by the engine speed, and can work flexibly according to the actual cooling demand of the engine. Thus, reducing heat transfer loss and mechanical loss, reducing fuel consumption, and increasing efficiency.
- Electric water pump has high temperature resistance and good corrosion resistance. It can usually work in an environment of -40～120°C with stable performance and good reliability.
- For new energy vehicles (NEV), there is no belt drive and easy installation. The water pump is directly controlled by the vehicle’s electronic control unit. The electric water pump has both the signal receiving and status feedback functions. It can feedback the running status in real time while receiving instructions, and its control is flexible, which can effectively ensure the safe driving of the car.
- Electric water pump has compact structure, small size, light weight, low noise during operation, stable operation and low energy consumption, which is very suitable for the high endurance and low noise needs of new energy vehicles.
- Electric water pump provides timely and appropriate cooling capacity, low energy consumption, high efficiency, accurate control of coolant flow based on water temperature and other information, reduces coolant flow distance and achieves a water pump displacement reduction of about 60%.
- Reduce friction, the electric water pump is driven by electricity, compared with the mechanical water pump using accessory belt drive, the friction work is reduced. NEDC (New European Driving Cycle, the European endurance test standard) cycle can reduce fuel consumption by about 2%.
- Accelerate warm-up the engine. For hybrid engines, due to frequent start and stop, a faster warm-up speed is required. Since the displacement of the electric water pump can be controlled in real time, reducing the coolant flow during cold start, it can achieve the effect of accelerating the warm-up,decreasing fuel consumption and emissions.
- The risk of water leakage is greatly reduced. The impeller of the mechanical water pump is press-fitted on the bearing of the water pump with interference fit, while the integrated magnetic impeller of the electronic water pump is driven by the magnetic core installed in the water pump housing. So that the water cavity separation from the outside can be realized. Thus, it can remove the water seal, which reduces the risk of friction loss and water leakage.
- Flexible control method (PWM, BUS,LIN etc.).
- Multiple working protections (over temperature, over voltage, over current, etc.).
Structure of Vehicle Electric Water Pump
Automotive electric water pump is mainly compose of rotor, stator, shaft,shaft sleeve, impeller, and pump body.
- Rotor: The magnet of the BLDC pump is injection molded with the impeller and form the rotor of the motor.
- Shaft sleeve: There is a direct injection molding shaft sleeve in the middle of the rotor. The shaft sleeve is made by a high performance wear-resistant graphite material.
- Stator: Pump stator and circuit board of the motor are encapsulated in the pump body with epoxy resin glue.
- Pump chamber: There is a chamber between the stator and the rotor. So, The rotor chamber of the motor completely isolate from the motor stator and motor control.
- Shaft: People make the pump shaft by high wear-resistance and high-strength ceramic. It is completely sealed and leak-proof. Since the shaft connects the motor and the pump body directly. Thus it is no need to use traditional mechanical shaft seals.
- Impeller: The vehicle electric water pump mainly uses closed impeller.
Advantages of Electric Automotive Water Pump
Automotive electric water pump is a kind of brushless dc pump. Which with advantages that mechanical pumps are incomparable.
- Long life: Car electric water pump with life span more than 20,000 hours. Further more, it can continuously work for 24 hours per day.
- No leakage: There is no leakage in the electric pump due to the advanced magnetic drive and statically sealed technology used for it.
- Wide working temperature range: As a electric coolant pump, it can work in the temperature range of -40°C ~ 125°C. The engine preheating and parking heater pump can also work smoothly. Even under extremely harsh environmental conditions.
- Polarity protection: It can protect the pump from burning due to the wrong connection of the positive and negative electrodes.
- Energy saving: Electric automotive water pump has the advantages of energy saving, high efficiency and environmental protection.
Selection Steps of Electric Water Pump Car
The electric water pump car selection steps are as follows:
- Calculate the heat load of the vehicle cooling system: perform the superposition calculation of the heat load of the cooled components in the cooling system to obtain the necessary maximum heat dissipation capacity, the rated heat dissipation capacity, as well as the heat dissipation change curve under some certain work conditions.
- Simulation of the water resistance of cooling system components: According to the reasonable requirements of the system, the relevant water resistance and flow range are formulated, and the water channels and heat sinks of the components are designed according to the flow range. Calculate the maximum flow rate at the operating point from the above maximum heat dissipation and the overall water resistance of the system.
- Preliminary selection of the water pump according to the flow rate and water resistance of the maximum operating point.
- According to the results of the selection of the electric water pump, perform a one-dimensional simulation analysis of the flow and water resistance under other heat dissipation to check the performance of the electric water pump at different speeds.
In addition, some summary in the actual selection process is as follows:
A. The working point of the electric water pump should be in the middle of the performance curve at a certain speed.B. The form of the automobile electric water pump is basically a centrifugal water pump, its efficiency, reliability, cost, and technology are relatively ideal.
C. The design of the cooling system needs to consider reducing the water resistance of the system as much as possible, so that the working water head of the water pump does not need to be too large, otherwise it will affect the efficiency of the water pump operation. Too high water head will increase the volume of the pump or increase the number of stages of the pump. Such a design can be avoided by system optimization.
How to Choose an Automotive Electric Water Pump ?
There are many types of automotive electric water pumps in the market. So, what are the principles for customer to purchase a car electric water pump for their application? Generally speaking, 5 principles as below need to be followed.
- Confirm your requirements on the working voltage, head and flow of the auto electric water pump according to your application requirements.
- People should take the volume, shape, thread interface, inlet and outlet direction of the pump into consideration. When choose a pump for your application. It must be convenient for you to install the car electric water pump in your application system.
- Consider work condition factors such as environment temperature, working fluids for the pump according your application.
- Functional requirements on the auto electric pump. Such as PWM speed control, FG signal, etc.
- Correctly calculate the purchase budget cost of the auto electric water pump. Inspect the pump manufacturer, require for good equipment quality, good after-sales service, supplying spare parts in time.
What special function should a Car Electric Water Pump have?
Automotive electric water pump usually work in a extreme working environment, which with high working temperature. This may lead to burn the pump even the car and cause huge economic losses.
For example : On November 21, 2011, BMW (China) Automobile Trading Co., Ltd. submitted a recall report to the AQSIQ. Due to the technical defects of the turbocharger car electric cooling water pump. The total number of cars involved was 3,198.
Therefore, to avoid unnecessary economic losses, customer should consider below special function. When select a Auto electric water pump.
- PWM Speed control function
- Idle protection function
- Stall protection function
- Reverse connection protection
- Over voltage protection function
- Fault Signal output function
- Dry-running protection
Precautions for Using an Electric Water Pump Automotive
Automotive Electric Water Pump is a core component of the water cooling system for car, bus, vehicles etc. It has its own features and strict application requirements. Otherwise, pump will be damaged or short its life span under wrong operation. Therefore, you should follow the following eight points notices when operate the pump:
- It is not allowed to use medium with impurities diameter bigger than 0.35mm or water with magnetic particles.
- It is better to keep some water in the Automotive Electric Water Pump chamber before operating the pump after pump is not used for a long time.
- It is not allowed to operate the pump without liquid for a long time.
- Use dust cover to cover the pump when unused for a long time to prevent dust entering into the inlet and outlet.
- Don not put the pump into liquid totally.
- Confirm a correct connection before running, or malfunction may be caused.
- Make sure that the liquid will not freeze or viscous when operate the pump in a low-temperature environment.
- Clean the water stains first before operating the pump, if water stains left at the pins of the connector.
What Causes Electric Water Pump Failure?
There are two main failure modes of electric water pump, and its reasons lead to the failures are as below::
Failure mode 1: Water temperature is abnormally high, the performance of the electric water pump is reduced, and the performance degradation may occur due to two reasons:
- The impeller assembly and the hollow shaft are designed to be too small, resulting in unreliable connection between the impeller and the hollow shaft, and the impeller slips lead to its rotor speed can not reach the standard. So, the performance of the water pump will be reduced;
- The design of the anti-rotation structure of the insert is unreasonable, causing the insert and the injection impeller to slip, resulting in the impeller speed not meeting the standard and decrease the performance of the pump.
Failure mode 2: The speed of the electric water pump is sometimes not available, it eventually drops to zero and stops working. The reasons that cause the water pump does not work are summarized as follows 5 points:
- The chip or electronic device fails, and the thickness of the copper foil does not meet the design requirements, resulting in copper foil burned when temperature rises;
- Improper selection of the sealing ring material of the waterproof breathable valve and aging in the extreme environment, resulting in unqualified air tightness. Then the water vapor entering the dry area, lead to short circuit of the water pump, and electric water pump stop working;
- The welding area design of the controller reed and enameled wire is unreasonable, and the strength of the contact segment is not enough, lead to the reed and enameled wire break , and the electric water pump cannot work;
- The capacitors at the controller or between the capacitors and the bracket are not fixed with glue, which causes the capacitors to only rely on the welding support between the pins and the reeds. Under vibration, the capacitors sway as a whole, causing the pins to fatigue and fracture due to cyclic loading. Lead to the water pump speed drops to zero;
- The unreasonable choice of heat dissipation glue causes the expansion of the heat dissipation glue to produce a large number of cavities, which makes the PCB (printed circuit board) unable to dissipate heat normally, result in the over temperature failure of the electric water pump.
How to Repair an Automotive Electric Water Pump?
Automotive electric water pump is one of the important components of the engine cooling system. It’s function is to pressurize the coolant to ensure its circulation and accelerate the heat dissipation.
However, car electric water pump may malfunction during the operating period after a long-term operation. What reasons cause these faults and How to repair these faults? You can find the answer from the below table.
| Item | Fault | Reason | Solution |
| 1 | Liquid leakage | Screws are not tightened. | Tighten the screws |
| The O-ring is not installed. | Install O-ring | ||
| There are impurities on the O-ring. | Clean the O-ring | ||
| 2 | Large current, little flow | There are impurities in the rotor. | Input water in outlet to clean the rotor |
| 3 | Not working, the current is unstable (large or small) | Rotor was sucked cause by foreign matter. | Removal the foreign bodies |
| 4 | Not rotating, no current | The power line is not connected | Connect is connected properly |
| 5 | Big Noise | There is air in the pump chamber that can not discharge. | The outlet will be placed upward, ensure the liquid without air |
| There are impurities in the pump chamber. | Remove the impurities out the pump chamber | ||
| No liquid in the pump chamber, pump dry runs. | Input the liquid | ||
| Less loaded gasket | Install gasket |
Conclusion
Compared with mechanical water pumps in internal combustion engine vehicles, automotive electric water pumps have significant technology advantages. As the efficiency of braking energy recovery and power generation increases, car electric water pump can effectively solve the power supply problems, the application of electric water pumps will become the mainstream trend.
In order to solve the problem of different temperature management requirements such as turbocharger cooling and intake air intercooling, thermal management systems based on electric water pumps have been applied, and the integrated pump-valve technical solution may be the future trend. The technology of automotive electric water pump used in new energy electric vehicles is relatively mature, and its application has become a popular trend.
